The first programs that runs is usually a set of instructions written in Read only Memory (ROM). This code examines the system hardware to make sure if everything is functioning properly.
POST checks for BIOS, CPU and Memory and store results at special memory location.
Once POST is done, code written in ROM starts activating hard drive.
AS soon as Hard drive activate, it reads the first piece of OS places in master bootStrap loader (sector 0 track 0 or 1 something like that..)...
Bootstrap loader has only single function of loading the operating system into memory and allow it to begin operation.
In the most basic form, bootstrap loader sets up driver interfaces with hardware and sets up division of memory that holds operating system and applications.
Then operating system manages following six task
Process management
Memory management
User interface
Storage management
Device management
Application Interface
Read these articles whenever you get time...
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system12.htm
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